Opt. Science

Normality Note

Subject: Opt-II Science                     Time: 2:15 hrs                                    F.M.: 75

 

Candidates are required to write their answers according to the instructions given.

Attempt all questions.

Group 'A'

1. Give short answer to the following questions.                        16´1=16

a)   What is gravitational field intensity?

b)   Define viscosity.

c)   What is biogas plant?

d)   State principle of calorimetry.

e)   Define magnification.

f)    What are quantum numbers?

g)   Define electronegativity.

h)   Write name two compounds having coordinate covalent bond.

i)    State Markonikov’s rule.

j)    Where do we use sluice method?

k)   Egg is considered as reference protein, why?.

l)    Write the major event in the Diakinesis phase of Meiosis cell division.

m) Define coprophagy.

n)   State law of independent assortment.

o)   Write any two examples of antibiotics.

p)  Write the advantage of using reflector telescope though it is bulky in structure.

Group 'B' [13´2=26]

2.       Is current scalar of vector quantity? Write with reason.

3.       Suggest two suitable alternative source of energy in rural area of Nepal with reasons.

4.       How can you identify whether the given lens is convex or concave?

5.       Explain in brief the terminals of a transistor.

6.       Write any four characteristics of modern periodic table.

7.       Explain in short the structure of Sulphur trioxide with diagram.

8.       Calculate pOH of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide whose hydroxyl ions concentration is 10^-1 m/l.

9.       What is aquaregia? Write its reaction with gold.

10.   What is enzyme? Write its two characteristics.

11.   Draw floral diagram of rice with its floral formula.

12.   Show in chart how haemophilia is transferred to a son from his carrier mother.

13.   Write any two control measures for controlling high blood pressure.

14.   Write two difference between radio carbon dating and uranium lead dating technique.

 

Group'C' [6´3=18]

15. Define elastic limit. Explain Hook’s law in brief.

16. A brass rod of 200 gm mass at 100^oC is dropped into 1.2 kg of water at 30^oC. The final temperature is 35^oC. Calculate the specific heat capacity of brass.

17. Define normal solution. Calculate the molarity of 40 gram H₂SO₄in 100 ml solution.

18. Define following organic reaction with one example of each:

      a. Substitution reaction                     b. Elimination reaction

19. What type of division is Meiosis I? Write one major events in each sub phases of Meiosis I.

20. What is endocrinology? Write the effect of hypo and hyper secretion of following hormone:

      a. thyroxine                                     b. insulin

21. Explain how planetarium forms the image of stars?

                                                                         Group 'D' [4´4=16]

22. Wind up an insulated copper wire in the match box as shown in the figure. Connect two ends of the wire with a galvanometer and move a powerful bar magnet in and out of a match box very quickly. According to this activity answer the following questions.

a.             On which principle does the above activity work?

b.            What happens in the needle of galvanometer when the magnet is inserted inside the match box?

c.             What happens in the needle of galvanometer when the magnet is taken out from the match box?

d.             At which conditions the needle of galvanometer comes in rest and deflects fast?

23. What do you mean by pH ? Explain in brief how following processes are carried out:

i) Neutralization of the soil

ii) Treatment of hyperacidity

iii) Treatment of insect stings.

23. Draw a diagram to show nitrogen cycle and explain it in brief.

hög

SET II

Subject: Opt-II Science                     Time: 2:15 hrs                                    F.M.: 75

 

Candidates are required to write their answers according to the instructions given.

Attempt all questions.

Group 'A'

1. Give short answer to the following questions.                        16´1=16

a)   Define gravitational field intensity.

b)   Define elastic limit.

c)   What do you mean by briquette?

d)   State principle of calorimetry.

e)   What is diode?

f)    What are quantum numbers?

g)   Define normality.

h)   State Aufbau principle.

i)    Write the basic difference between coordinate bond and covalent bond.

j)    Write one example of addition reaction of organic compounds.

k)   In which type of ores is forth floatation process used for its concentration?

l) Define oligosaccharides.

m) Write the major event in the Diakinesis phase of Meiosis cell division.

n)   Define coprophagy.

n)   Define nitrification.

o)   Write any two examples of antibiotics.

p)  Which region of Nepal is rich in brine water?

Group 'B' [13´2=26]

2.       Is current scalar of vector quantity? Write with reason.

3.       Obstruction of local is frequent in hydropower construction region. Write any two reasons for it.

4.       How much heat is to be supplied in 40 gram of water at 30⁰C to increase its temperature to 40⁰C?

5.       Magnification of a lens is -0.7. What does this mean?

6.       Calculate the pH of aqueous solution of nitric acid whose hydrogen ion concentration is 10^-3 m/l.

7.       Explain Saytjeff’s rule with an example.

8.       What is aquaregia? Write its reaction with gold

9.       Write any two industrial function of enzymes.

10.   Draw a chart to show F₁generation when a hemophilia carrier woman marries a normal man.

11.   Draw floral diagram of rice with its floral formula.

12.   How wetland benefits ecosystem? Write any two points.

13.   Write two major causes of hyperuricemia.

14.   Write two difference between radio carbon dating and uranium lead dating technique.

 

Group'C' [6´3=18]

15. Define surface tension. Mention two effect of surface tension what we see in our daily life.

16. Draw ray diagram of compound microscope and explain in brief about its working.

17. State and explain Avogadro’s Law.

18. Explain the concept of ionic product of water.

19. Identify the followings and also write their one features:

      a)                                                                                                         b)

20. Given table shows cross between round and yellow seeded pea plant with wrinkled green seeded pea plant. Answer the following questions:

    

   i) Which generation is represented by the table?

      ii) Which law explains this? As write the law.

      iii) What percentage of the offspring are round and yellow seeded pea plant in this generation?

 

21. Explain how planetarium forms the image of stars?

 

Group 'D' [4´4=16]

22.Study the given figure and answer the following questions:

i)   Which type of generator is this?On the basis of which principle does it work upon?

ii) Draw a graph to show the nature of current produced.

iii)

a.             On which principle does the above activity work?

b.            What happens in the needle of galvanometer when the magnet is inserted inside the match box?

c.             What happens in the needle of galvanometer when the magnet is taken out from the match box?

d.             At which conditions the needle of galvanometer comes in rest and deflects fast?

23. What do you mean by pH ? Explain in brief how following processes are carried out:

i) Neutralization of the soil

ii) Treatment of hyperacidity

iii) Treatment of insect stings.

24. Draw a diagram to show nitrogen cycle and explain it in brief.

hög

SET III

SET IV

Second Term Examination-2076

Class: - Ten                                                                             F.M. - 45

Subject: - Opt. Science                                           Time: - 1:30 Hrs             

 

Group A (9×1=9)

1. Write very short answer to the following questions:

a.    Define gravitational field intensity.

b.    What is surface tension?

c.    What do you mean by bio-mass energy?

d.    State principle of calorimetry.

e.    What do you mean by magnification?

f.    Define normal solution.

g.    State modern periodic law.

h.    What is Pi bond?

i.    Write one function of simple columnar epithelium.

 

Group B (8×2=16)

2. Calculate the value of escape velocity on earth.

3. Justify the statement " Iron is more elastic than rubber".

4. Even though briquette is made from wood, why is it preferred than wood?

5. Use of electric current would be limited if transformer was not invented, why?

6. What is azimuthal quantum number? Write the value of 'l' for n=2.

7. Justify the position of potassium in modern periodic table with suitable reasons.

8. Calculate the pH of 10^-2 molar solution of H₂SO₄.

9. Write any four characteristics of monocot stem.

Group C (4X3=12)

10.        How can the concept of latent heat of fusion be determined experimentally.

11.        Study the given diagram and answer the following questions.

  i. Can this device work when it

   is connected to a d.c. source? Why?

  ii. What happens when the number of primary  turns and            secondary turns made equal?

   iii. Calculate the number of turns in a secondary coil.

12.        Discuss in brief any three application of neutralization reaction.

13.  Identity the given stages of cell division and write one character of

     each.

            

               fig. i                                                      fig ii

Group D (2×4=8)

14.        Explain the construction and working of a compound microscope.

15.        State and derive Avogadro's law. Calculate the volume of 5 mol of nitrogen gas at STP.

 

***

SET V

First Term Examination

Class: - Ten                                                                             F.M. – 45           Subject: - Opt. Science                                                         Time: - 1:30 Hrs                      

Group A (9×1=9)

1.         Answer the following questions:

a)   Define centre of gravity.

b)   What is surface tension?

c)   Define fluid pressure.

d)   What is a biogas plant?

e)   Define latent heat of fusion.

f)    State principle of calorimetry.

g)   Write one use of binocular.

h)  Define magnification of an optical instrument.

i)    What is semiconductor?

Group B (Very Short) (8×2=16)

2.             Write the differences between centrifugal force and centripetal force.

3.             Write any two factors that affect viscosity of a liquid.

4.             Although solar panels are costly, it is the better option in some part of the country. Justify.

5.             Draw a graph to show the change in temperature of water when heated from 90⁰C to 110⁰C on applying heat.

6.             Write an expression for heat equation and the meaning of the symbols used.

7.             Why is a convex lens called conversing lens?

8.             Write any two characteristics of series combination of resistors.

9.             Why is transistor known as building block of all modern electronic system?

Group C (Short Questions) (4 X 3=12)

10.        Derive an expression for the escape velocity.

11.        Write a paragraph on “Benefits of Briquettes”.

12.        Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 500 gram of ice at 40⁰C into water vapour at 100⁰C. (Latent heat of vaporization =  22.5 ×10⁵ J/Kg).

13.        The figure given alongside is a diagram of PN junction diode. Answer the following questions:

a) You have a circuit of a cell and a bulb. Add this device in the circuit in such a way that the bulb will continue glowing.

b) N-type semiconductor is added at left side in the above device. What is the name of device thus formed? Draw its circuit symbol.

     Group D (Long Question Answer)(2×4=8)

14.         Study the figure and answer the questions:

 a. Write the observation of the experiment.

b. Which law is explained by the experiment? State the law.

c. What happens when a massive body is suspended in the spring? Writhe with reason.

15.         You need to observe a minute pollen grain in details. What instrument will you use? Draw a ray diagram to show its working. Also compare between the two lenses used in the instrument.

***

SET VI

Third Term Examination

Class: - Ten                                                                             F.M. - 75

Subject: - Opt. Science              Time: - 2:15 Hrs                 

 

Group A

1. Answer the following questions in very short.16×1=16

a.       State Hooke’s law.

b.      Write down any two gases which are primarily present in biogas.

c.       State principle of calorimetry.

d.      Define power of lens.

e.       What is electromagnetic induction?

f.       Write down the value of Avogadro's number.

g.      Define Ionization potential.

h.      What is the value of ionic product of water (Kw) at 25 degree Celsius?

i.        What are nucleophiles?

j.        Write two chief ores of aluminum.

k.      Which two monosaccharide do lactose contain?

l.        Which enzyme converts protein into peptones?

m.    Write any two examples of sex linked diseases.

n.      What is biogeochemical cycle?

o.      Name the organ that cannot be transplanted till now.

p.      Write any two examples of fossils preserved in Natural History Museum (NHM) of Nepal.

Group B

Answer the Following questions in short    13×2=26

2.       Write any two differences between centrifugal force and centripetal force.

3.      A sewing needle placed carefully on the water floats even though its density is higher than thedensity of water. Why?

4.      Latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.5 x 10⁵joules per kg. What does it mean?

5.      Distinguish between the nature of image formed by the eye lens and objective lens of telescope.

6.      Write any two differences between sigma and pi bonds.

7.      How can we reduce hyperacidity? Describe in brief.

8.      Which rules govern the given reactions? State the rules too.

(i)        CH₃-CH₂-CH₂ –CH₂-CHBr–CH₃ → CH₃-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₃

(ii)      CH₃-CH=CH₂ + HBr → CH₃-CHBr-CH₃

9.      Write down the balanced chemical reaction of gold with aquaregia.

10.  Why should athletes, labourers, etc. need high carbohydrate in their diet?

11.  Compare monocot and dicot stem with any two points.

12.  "All hormones are chemical signals." Give reason.

13.  Write short note on biological nitrogen fixation.

14.  The average half-life of radioactive carbon (₆C¹⁴) is 5735 years. What does it mean?

Group C

Answer the Following questions.                                      7×3 = 21

15.  The mass of the Earth is 6.0 × 10²⁴ kg and its radius is 6.4 x 10⁶m. Find the gravitational fieldintensity at a point on its surface. What is the weight of a body of mass 100 kg on its surface? (G= 6.67x 10-¹¹ Nm²/kg²)

16.  How is biogas produced? Explain with diagram.

17.  Calculate the molecular mass of Ammonium carbonate and Calcium Carbonate.

18.  Explain the formation of sodium chloride molecule with the help of diagram.

19.  Draw the internal structure of monocot stem and label the parts hypodermis and metaxylem.

20.  Explain the process of determining blood group with diagram.

21.  How planetarium is formed the images of the stars?

                                   Group D

Answer the Following long questions.    3×4=12

22.  Wind up an insulated copper wire in the matchbox as shown in the figure. Connect two ends of the wire with a galvanometer and move a powerful bar magnet in and out of a match box very quickly. According to this activity answer the following questions.

 

a.          On which principle does the above activity work?

b.      What happens in the needle of galvanometer when the magnet is inserted inside the match box?

c.       What happens in the needle of galvanometer when the magnet is taken out from the matchbox?

d.       At which conditions the needle of galvanometer comes in rest and deflects fast?

23.  Hydrogen can be placed in group IA along with the alkali metals and in group VIIA along with the halogens. Justify its position with two points each.

24.  A homozygous plant having round seed and inflated pods is first cross pollinate with a homozygous plant having wrinkled seed and constricted pods and then self-pollinate. What result will be obtained in second generation? Show your result up to F₂ generation indicating the phenotype and genotype ration in chart.

*** 

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Set(1)

Grade: Ten                   FM: 75

Subject: Science                                                          Time: 2:15 hrs.

Candidates are required to give their answers according to the given instruction.

 

Attempt all the questions:

 

Group "A"15×1=15

1. Write short answer the questions.

a)  What is universal gravitational constant?

    ljZjJofkL u'?Tjfsif{0f cr/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

b) State Pascal's law. kf:snsf] lgod n]Vg'xf];\ .

   c) Write an equation to show nuclear fusion .

    Go'lSno/ ˆo'hgsf] ;lds/0f n]Vg'xf];\ .

d) What is meant by accommodation of eye?

    cfFvfsf] ;dfof]hg eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

e)  Define 1 unit of electricity. Ps o'lg6 wf/fljw'tsf] kl/efiff n]Vg'xf];\ .

f) What is the relationship between size of atoms and reactivity in case of non-metals?k/df0f'x?sf] cfsf/ / /f;folgs ;ls|otfsflarcwft'x?df s:tf] ;DaGw x'G5 <

g) Write an example of endothermic reaction.

    tfkzf];sk|ltls|ofsf] Pp6fpbfx/0f lbg'xf];\ .

h) Write down the structural formula of ethane and butene.Oy]g / Ao'6Lgsf] ;+/rgfTds ;'q n]Vg'xf];\ .

i)   Write any two adverse effects of chemical pollution.

    /f;folgs k|b'if0fsf] b'O{ j6f gs/fTds c;/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

j)   What is goiter? unufF8 eg]sf] s] xf] <

k) What is chromosomal disorder?qmf]df]hf]dn l8::c8{/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

l)   What type of asexual reproduction takes place in hydra and tapeworm?xfO8«f / 6]kjd{df s:tf] s:tf] k|sf/sf] cd}y'lgsk|hgg\ x'G5 <

m) Write the functions of pericardial fluid.

    k]l/sfl8{on ˆn'8sf] sfo{ n]Vg'xf];\ .

n) What is mutation?Do'6];g eg]sf] s] xf]<

o) What is ozone depletion? cf]hf]g Iflos/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <

 

Group "B"    13×2=26

2. Government of Nepal gives the subsidy in solar equipments. Why?g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f}o{ phf{sf] pks/0fdf ;x'lnotlbPsf] 5 . lsg<

3. An egg sinks in pure water but floats in saturated solution of salt. Why?z'b\b kfgLdf cG8f 8'Ag] / g'gkfgLsf] ;Gq[Kt 3f]ndf cG8f plqg'sf] sf/0f pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

4. Study the given transformer and answer the following questions.lrqdf b]vfOPsf] 6«fG;kmd{/sf] cWoogug'{xf];\ / tn ;f]lwPsfk|Zgx?sf] hjfkmlbg'xf];\ .

a. What type of transformer is it? Why?of] s:tf] k|sf/sf] 6«fG;kmd{/ xf] <lsg<

b.  Calculate the number of secondary coil.6fG;kmd{/sf] ;]s]G8/L kmGsfsf] ;ª\VofkTtfnufpg'xf];\ .

5. 10 bulbs of 40 watt each and 2 heaters of 1200 watt each are used for two hours daily. Find the units of electricity consumed in 30 days.^) jf6sf !)cf]6faNa / !@)) jf6sf @ cf]6f lx6/x? k|To]slbg @ 3G6fsf b/n] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . #) lbgdfvktx'g] o'lg6 kTtfnufpg'xf];\ .

6. Give the electronic configuration of magnesium in terms of sub shell. Write its block and period on the basis of your electronic configuration.;a;]nsf] cfwf/dfDofUg]l;odsf] On]S6f«]g laGof; ug'{xf];\ .  o;sf] cfwf/dfDofUg]l;odsf] Ans / lkl/o8 kQfnufpg'xf];\ .

7. Define homologous series. Write the homologous series of alkanes.  xf]df]nf]u; l;l/hsf] kl/efiff n]Vg'xf];\ . cNs]gsf] xf]df]nf]u; l;l/h n]Vg'xf];\ .

8. Write any two differences between thermo-plastic and thermo-setting plastics.ydf]{–Knfl:6s / ydf]{;]l6ª Knfl:6s larsf] s'g} @ j6f km/s n]Vg'xf];\ .

9. Why is catalyst used in chemical reaction? Write two examples of catalyst./f;folgs k|ltls|ofdfpTk]|/ssf] k|of]u lsgul/G5 <pTk]|/ssf] @ j6f pbfx/0fx? n]Vg'xf];\ .

10. Why hormones are called chemical messengers? Write the name of hormones secreted by adrenal gland. xdf]{gnfO{ /f;folgs ;+jfbbftfklg elgG5, lsg< Pl8«gn u|lGyn] pTkfbgug]{ xdf]{gsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

11. Write two differences between layering and grafting.

    n]ol/ª / u|flˆ6ª ljlwaLr @ j6f km/s n]Vg'xf];\ .

12. Write one-one function of queen bee and worker bee.

    efn] df}/L / sdL{df}/Lsf] !÷! j6fsfo{ n]Vg'xf];\ .

13. The normal blood pressure of human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. What does it mean?Pp6f ;fwf/0f dflg;sf] An8 k]|;/ !@)÷*)mm of HgeGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

14. Write any four objectives of launching of artificial satellites into the space.cGtl/Ifdfs[lqdpku|xx? k7fpg'sf] s'g} $ j6f p2]Zox? pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

 

Group "C"6×3=18

15. The mass of the Jupiter is 2×10²⁷kg and its radius is 6.5×10⁴km. What is the acceleration due to gravity on the Jupiter? Also, calculate the weight ofa person having the mass of 70kg on the Jupiter.olb j[x:kltsf] lk08 2×10⁷kg/ cw{Jof;6.5×10⁴km5g\ eg] j[x:kltsf] u'?Tjk|j]u slt x'G5 <70 kg lk08 ePsf] dflg;sf] tf}n To; u|xdfkTtfnufpg'xf];\ .

16. Answer the following questions on the basis of given table.

    tn lbOPsf] tflnsfcg';f/ ;f]lwPsfk|Zgx?sf] pTt/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

Substances	Sp. heat capacity
A	2100 J/kg/0C
B	910 J/kg/0C
C	138kg/0C

i)   If A, B and C are taken in equal mass and heated by giving equal heat, which one of them gains the maximum temperature and why? olb ;dfg lk08 ePsfA, B / CnfO{ ;dfgtfklbFbfs'gkbfy{n] a9L tfkqmdk|fKt u5{ / lsg<

ii)  Which one of them is suitable for cooling and heating purpose? Why?oLkbfy{x?dWo], s'gkbfy{ lr:ofpg / ttfpgpko'St x'G5 <lsg<

iii)           If equal mass of A and B are taken at 80⁰C and left to cool, which will be cooled faster and why?olb a/fa/ lk08 ePsf] A/ BnfO{ 80⁰ C ;DdttfP/ lr:ofpbf, s'gkbfy{ rfF8} lrl:;G5 / lsg<

17. Write any two ores of Iron. The external cover of aeroplane is made from aluminium instead of iron. Give two reasons.

kmnfdsf] @ cf]6fwfpx?sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . xjfOhxfhsf] aflx/L cfj/0f kmnfdsf] ;6\6f PNd'lgodaf6 agfOPsf] x'G5 . @ cf]6fsf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ .

18. Why magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide are called antacids? Write the balanced chemical equation for the formation of acidic salt by the reaction between strong acid and weak base.DofUg]l;od xfO8f]cS;fO8 / PNd'lgod xfO8f]cS;fO8nfO{ PG6fl;8 elgG5 . lsg< s8f cDn / g/d Iff/sf] k|lts[ofaf6 aGg] cDnLo n+j0fsf] pbfx/0f ;Gt'lnt /f;folgs ;lds/0f¢f/f n]Vg'xf];\ .

19. What is vegetative propagation? Give any two points to show the importances of vegetative propagation.s[ltd k|hgg\ eg]sf] s] xf] < s[ltd k|hggsf] @ cf]6f dxTTjpNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

20. Explain the present scenario of air pollution in Kathmandu valley. Write any two control measures of air pollution.sf7df8f}F pkTosfdfxfnsf] jfo' k|b"if0fsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df j0f{g ug'{xf];\ . jfo' k|b"if0f lgoGq0f ug]{ @ cf]6f pkfox? n]Vg'xf];\ .

 

Group "D"    4×4=16

21. A convex lens has a focal length of 3cm. If a pencil is placed twice of its focal length then, Pp6f sGe]S; n]G;sf] s]Gb|Ls/0f b'/L 3cm 5 . olb s]Gb|Ls/0f b'/Lsf] bf]Aa/ b'/Ldf Pp6f k]lG;n /flvPsf] 5 eg]M

i)   Draw a clear ray diagram to show the formation of image of pencil.ls/0f /]vflrqlvr]/ k]lG;nsf] cfs[lt b]vfpg'xf];\ .

ii) Write the nature of image.        cfs[ltsf] k|s[lt n]Vg'xf];\ .

iii) Calculate the magnification of image.

    cfs[ltsf] la:t[tLs/0f kTtfnufpg'xf];\ .

iv) What is the power of lens?       n]G;sf] ;fdYo{ slt 5 <

22.Draw a neat and labeled diagram showing laboratory preparation of gas which is found in deep well and is acidic in nature. Also write the balanced chemical equation of chemical reaction of that gas formed. What happens when this gas is passed through slaked lime for a while?k|of]uzfnfdfulx/f] O{gf/df kfO{g] clDno u'0f ePsf] UofF; agfpg] ljlwsf] ;kmfgfdª\lstlrqsf]g'{xf];\ . pStUofF; aGbfx'g] /f;folgsk|lts[ofsf] ;Gt'lnt ;lds/0f klg n]Vg'xf];\ . pStUofF;nfO{ s]xL a]/;Ddr'gkfgLdf k7fpFbf s] x'G5 <

23.If the monohybrid cross between black male rabbit and white female rabbit takes place, all offspring of F₁ generation were black. Why were not white offspring seen in F₁ generation? Show this process with the help of chart up to F₂generation. Also write genotypic and phenotypic ratio of black and white rabbit in the second filial generation. sfnf] efn] v/fof] / ;]tf] kf]yL v/fof]sf] lardfdgf]xfOla|8 s|; u/fpFbfklxnf] j+zdfsfnf v/fof]x? dfq b]lvPeg] ;]tf v/fof] b]vf k/]gg\ lsg< bf];|f] j+z;Ddsf] rf6{ agfO{ k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ . pStj+zsf] lhgf]6fOk / lkmgf]6fOk cg'kftklgpNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

24.What is the time period of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras? Write the chief animals developed in those eras.  Write any two importance of fossils.d];f]hf]Os / ;]gf]hf]Os O/fsf] cjlwsltxf] <pSt O/fdfljsl;td'Vohgfj/x?sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . hLjfjz]ifsf] @ cf]6f dxTjpNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

 

—

Math 3

 

Nepali 4

Nepali 3

कक्षा ः दश (१०)                                                     पूर्णाङ्क ः ७५

विषय ः नेपाली                                                      समय ः २ घ. १५ मि.

प्र.१ तलका समूह ‘क’ का शब्दको अर्थ समूह ‘ख’ बाट खोजेर जोडा मिलाउनुहोस् ः४×०.५=२

समूह ‘क’ समूह ‘ख’

नित्यकर्म खाली, केवल

कलङ्क चौघेरा

फगत सधैँ गरिने काम

फ्रेम दोष

नराम्रो काम

कहाली लाग्दो

प्र.२ तलका खाली ठाउँमा उपयुक्त शब्द भर्नुहोस् ः ४×०.५=२

क) ‘अनल’ को अग्नी ......... हो । (विपरीतार्थी, अनेकार्थी, पर्यायवाची) 

ख) .......... अनेकार्थी शब्द होइन । (खाग, काग, नाग) 

ग) ‘इतिश्री’ को विपरीतार्थी शब्द ......... हो ।(प्रारम्भ, समाप्त, खतम)

घ) .... श्रुतिसमभिनार्थी शब्द हुन् । (दिशा–दिसा, ताप–राप, दाल–भात)

प्र.३ अर्थ स्पष्ट हुने गरी वाक्य बनाउनुहोस् ः २

सङ्कुचित, थाङ्नामा सुताउनु

प्र.४ क) तल दिइएका वाक्यलाई शुद्ध पारी सार्नुहोस् ः २

रामुले नाक समाउनु होस् भन्यो सोभाले कान समाइन् 

ख) तल दिइएका शब्द समूहबाट शुद्ध शब्द छानेर लेख्नुहोस् ः १

अ) जिलेवि, जीलेवी, जिलेवी, जीलेवि 

आ) सङ्कीर्ण, सङ्कीर्न, संकीर्ण, सङ्किर्ण

प्र.५ तलको रेखाङ्कित शब्दको पदवर्ग छुट्याउनुहोस् ः ३

हामीले हाम्रा थाङ्कालाई प्रवर्धन गरेर संसारभरको मागलाई पूरा गर्न सकेमा हाम्रालागि वरदान सावित हुनेछ, हैन र?

प्र.६ क) तलको अनुच्छेदबाट उपसर्ग लागेर बनेका २ वटा र प्रत्यय लागेर बनेका २ वटा शब्द चिनेर लेख्नुहोस् ः १

हिजो आज हाम्रा पौराणिक कलाहरूलाई सुव्यवस्थित ढङ्गले संरक्षण गरी पर्यटकहरूलाई देखाइ पर्यटन व्यवसायमा योगदान पु¥याइरहेको कुरा उपप्रध्यापकहरूको समूहले महसुस ग¥यो । 

ख) तलका शब्दको समास वा विग्रह गर्नुहोस् ः १

नाक काटिएको, रतन्धोे 

प्र.७ कोष्ठकमा दिइएका धातु र सङ्केतका सहायताले वाक्य पूरा गर्नुहोस् ः २

क) रामलाललाई उसको साथीले धोका ......... (दि÷अज्ञातभूत) 

ख) भीमले सधैँ अन्यायमाथि प्रहार ......... (गर्÷पूर्ण वर्तमान)

ग) तपाईँबाट लुक्ला घुम्न ......... (जा÷इच्छार्थ) 

घ) हरिकृष्ण राम्राराम्रा कथा ......... (लेख्÷सम्भावनार्थ) 

प्र.८ कोष्ठकमा दिइएको निर्देशनअनुसार वाक्य परिवर्तन गर्नुहोस् ः ४

क) तिमी त मस्तसँग सुतेछौ (भाव वाच्य)

ख) लाक्पा हिमाल चढ्दै हुनेछ । (प्रेरणार्थक)

ग) बादल गर्जेर पानी प¥यो । (मिश्रवाक्य) 

घ) तपाईँ त ज्यादै मिहिनेती हुनुहुँदो रहेछ । (अकरण) 

प्र.९ भूतकालको पूर्णपक्षका क्रियापद प्रयोग गरी नेपालको इतिहासको तीनवाक्यमा बयान गर्नुहोस् ः  ३

प्र.१० तलको अनुच्छेद पढी अन्त्यमा सोधिएका प्रश्नको उत्तर लेख्नुहोस् ः  ५

लक्ष्मणलाई अझै निन्द्रा परेन । उनका मनमा आफ्ना बाल्यकालदेखिका एक एक घटनाहरु ताजा भएर आए । उनको आफ्ना दाजुभाइ राम, भरत र शत्रुध्नसँग खेल्दै बिताएको बाल्यकाल सम्झे । दाजुभाइ मिलेर लेखपढ गरेको, वाण हान्न सिकेको, घोडा चढ्न सिकेको अनि जङ्गल–जङ्गल चाहारेको सम्झे । दाइ रामचन्द्रले जनकको दरबारमा रहेको शिवधनु सजिलै उचालेर सितासँग बिहे गरेको सम्झिँदा उनलाई आनन्द आयो । उनले आमा सुमित्रा र पत्नी उर्मिलालाई सम्झे । रामसीता सँगै वनवास आएको, सीता अपहरण भएकोदेखि हालसम्मका घटनाहरु त झन् उनको सम्झनामा नआउने कुरै भएन ।  यसरी लक्ष्मण आफ्नै विगतका स्मृतिमा हराइरहेका थिए । टाढाकतै कुखुरो बासेको सुनियो । लक्ष्मण जुरुक्क उठेर नित्यर्कमतिर लागे । उनी सँगसँगै विभीषण पनि उठे ।

प्रश्नहरु

क) अनुच्छेदमा दिइएका रेखाङ्कित शब्दको कारक र विभक्ति छुट्याइ लेख्नुहोस् ।

ख) ‘ताजा’ र ‘स्मृति’ शब्दको विपरीतार्थी शब्द लेखी वाक्य बनाउनुहोस् ।

ग) अनुच्छेदको अन्तिम वाक्य इच्छार्थमा बदलेर लेख्नुहोस् ।

घ) लक्ष्मणलाई किन निन्द्रा लागेन ?

ङ) लक्ष्मण कतिखेर जुरुक्क उठेर के काममा लागे ?

प्र.११ तलको अनुच्छेद पढी अन्त्यमा सोधिएको प्रश्नको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ः ५

केही दिनमा शिव मन्दिर बन्यो । कैलेले बनाएको कलात्मक शिव मूर्तिको सबैले प्रशंसा गरे । मन्दिरका कारण त्यस क्षेत्रकै नाम शिवघाट राखियो । मन्दिरको सङ्घारको एकछेउमा शिव पार्वतीका निर्माता कैले कामी लेखियो । एकदिन कैले शिव मन्दिरमा पस्न लागेका थिए । एक जना रैथाने कुर्लिहाले । “ए कैले, अछुतको मन्दिर हो यो ? पानी नचल्ने जात जान्ने भएर यहाँ पस्न खोज्ने ? कैले छाँगाबाट खसे जस्तो भए । आँखाको अगाडि तोरीको पूmल देखे र कराउन थाले, “यो मैले बनाको मूर्ति हो । यहाँ मेरो सिप छ, श्रम छ, सृष्टि छ, पसिना पोतिएको छ ।” त्यहाँ हुने कसैले पनि कैलेको कुरालाई ध्यान दिएनन् बरु कैले कामीले मन्दिर छोयो भनेर कोलाहल मच्चाउन थाले । मेलामा भेला भएका मान्छे कैलेतिर ओइरिए । कैलेले मुस्किलले फुत्किएर ज्यान जोगाए । 

प्रश्नहरु

क) शिव मन्दिर बनाउने को थिए ?

ख) शिवमूर्तिको प्रशंसा किन गरिएको हो ?

ग) मन्दिरको एकछेउमा के लेखिएको थियो ?

घ) कैले कामी कराउनुको कारण के थियो ?

ङ) ‘अछुत’ र ‘प्रशंसा’ शब्दको अर्थ लेख्नुहोस् ।

रामु शोभाको सौतेनी देवर हो । शोभा दुलही भएर यस घरमा आउँदा रामु डेढ वर्षको थियो, शोभा सोह् वर्षकी थिइन् । त्यसैवर्ष रामुलाई शोभाका जिम्मा लाएर रामुकी आमा नफर्कने बाटो लागिन् । त्यसबेला देखि रामुलाई शोभाले नै पालेर हुर्काइन् । अहिले रामु सात वर्षको भयो, शोभा बाइस वर्षकी भइन् । घरमा रामु उसकी भाउजू र दाजु निर्मलबाहेक अर्को प्राणी कोही छैन । रामूका बुबा त ऊ वर्ष दिन नपुग्दै मरिसकेका थिए । आमा पनि डेढ वर्षमा  गइहालिन् । अब यस पितृमातृहीन शिशुका मातापिता शोभा र निर्मल नै छन् । घरमा उसका निम्ति सदा बालसाम्राज्य छ । शोभाबाट उसले प्रशस्त मातृत्व पाइरहेको छ । शोभाको यस अलौकिक गुणको प्रशंसा टोल छिमेकका समस्त नरनारीले गरिरहेका छन् । 

प्र.१३ तलका कुनै एक प्रश्नको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ः ४

क) तलका बुँदाका आधारमा छोटो कथा लेख्नुहोस् ः 

एकादेशमा एक जना ज्योतिष हुनु ...... एकपटक ऊ आकाशको ताराहरुको अध्ययन गर्दै हिँड्नु ...... बाटामा इनार नदेख्नु ...... ज्योतिषी कुवामा खस्नु ...... एक युवकले देख्नु ...... युवकले उसलाई बाहिर निकाल्नु ...... ज्योतिषी खुसी हुनु ...... युवकलाई घरमा बोलाउनु ...... आफू ठूलो ज्योतिषी भएकाले युवकको सबै भविष्य बताइ दिने भन्नु ...... आफ्नै अगाडिको खाल्डो नदेखेर खस्नेले अर्काको भविष्य बताउने ? भन्दै युवक बाटो लाग्नु ...... ज्योतिषीको आँखा खुल्नु ...... धेरै ठूल ठूला कुरा गर्नेले साना साना कुरामा पनि ध्यान दिनुपर्ने सन्देश । 

ख) अनुशासनले मानिसलाई महान बनाउँछ भन्दै विद्यालयमा पढ्ने आफ्नी बहिनीलाई चिठी लेख्नुहोस् ः

प्र.१४ तलका मध्ये कुनै एक उद्धरणको सप्रसङ्ग व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ः  ४

क) नआओस् आँतिने दुःख मातिने धनसम्पत्ति 

यतिले राम्ररी चल्छ सारा जीवनको गति

ख) परमेश्वर, म कृतध्न हुँ । मेरो पौरखलाई धिकार छ ।

प्र.१५ तलका कुनै दुई प्रश्नको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ः  २×४=८

क) तलको निबन्धांश पढी अन्त्यमा सोधिएका प्रश्नको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ः

नेपालमा मधेस, पहाड र हिमालमा अलग अलग प्रकारका संस्कृति छन् र ती सबै मिलेर नेपाली राष्ट्रिय संस्कृतिको निर्माण भएको छ । हामीलाई थाहा छ । मधेसमा मिथिला, भोजपुरा, अवध आदि संस्कृतिहरु छन् । पूर्वी तराइमा रहेका सतार, मेचे, दनुवार, धिमाल राजवंशीहरुको आफ्नै संस्कृतिका मौलिकता छन् । त्यसरी नै नेपालका मुस्लिमहरुको आफ्नै संस्कृति छ । पहाडमा तामाङ, गुरुङ, मगर, राई, लिम्बुका आफ्नै सांस्कृतिक पहिचान छ । हिमाली क्षेत्रमा शेर्पा लगाएतका विभिन्न जातिका आफ्नै प्रकारका संस्कृति छन् । यसरी देशका सबै धर्म, जाति, भाषा आदिको योगले नेपाली संस्कृतिको साझा रुप तयार भएको छ । 

प्रश्नहरु ः

अ) नेपालका चाडपर्वलाई नेपालीका साझा सम्पत्तिका रुपमा कसरी चिनाउन सकिन्छ ?

आ) किन नेपाललाई सांस्कृतिक विविधताले भरिएको देश भनिएको हो ?

ख) तलको कथांश पढेर सोधिएका प्रश्नको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ः 

आयोजकले मन्त्रीज्यूसित माउजङ् बाबुसाहेबको परिचय गरायो अनि मञ्चमा बसाल्यो । अत्यन्त शिष्टता, नम्रतापूर्वक बाबुसाहेबले सारसित प्रसङ्गानुकूल कुराकानी गरे । क्रमशः चियापान समाप्त भयो । मन्त्रीज्यूसित बिदा भई एकएक गरी सबै निस्कन थाले । बाबुसाहेबले पनि मन्त्रीज्यूलाई नमस्ते गरी निस्कँदा उनको दुबै हत्केला अभ्यस्त तवरले कोटको दुबैतर्फको तल्लो जेबमा थिए । त्यतिकै स्थानीय राजनीतिक कार्यकर्ता पनि मन्त्रीज्यूसित विदा भई निस्केर बाबुसाहेवको नजिकै पुग्यो । हत्केला जेबमा रहेको बाबुसाहेवको दाहिने पाखुरा र उनको हातको माझबाट आफ्नो हात छिराई कुरा गर्दै बाबुसाहेवसँग ऊ अगािड बढ्यो । अरु बखत भए बाबुसाहेवले कदाचित् यस आत्मीयता जस्तो देखाउने मानिसको घृष्टता सहन सक्दैनथे । तर आज बाबुसाहेब त्यो माउजङ बाबुसाहेव थिएनन्, बडो खुसीसाथ उसित कुरा गर्दै बढ्दै थिए ।

प्रश्नहरू ः

अ) माउजङ बाबुसोहब आज किन खुसी थिए ?

आ) आज माउजङ बाबुसाहेव त्यो माउजङ बाबुसाहेब थिएन भनेर किन भनिएको होला ?

ग) तलको कवितांश पढेर अन्तमा सोधिएका प्रश्नको उत्तर दिनुहोस् ः  

बत्तिस दन्तको काम कटकटाउनु होइन

यो हातपाउको काम छटपटाउनु होइन

बलले रचना निस्कोस बुद्धिले सृजना नयाँ

मनले ममता माता तनले चेतना नयाँ । 

प्रश्नहरू ः

अ) कविले कवितामार्फत कस्तो काम गर्न आग्रह गरेका छन् ?

ख) माथिको कवितांशको मूल भाव लेख्नुहोस् ः 

प्र. १६.‘जय भुँडी’ निबन्धमा उल्लेख गरिएका भुँडीका प्रकार नेपाली समाजका बुद्धिजीवीसँग कत्तिको मेल खान्छ  ? तर्क दिई लेख्नुहोस् ः ४

प्र.१७ तलका मध्ये कुनै एक अनुच्छेद पढी सोधिएको प्रश्नको विवेचनात्मक उत्तर  दिनुहोस् ः ८

क) नेपालको एउटा दुर्गम ठाउँमा जन्मिएका रुइत अहिले विश्वभर चर्चाको शिखरमा छन् । उनको जीवनीमा आधारित भएर धेरै वृत्तचित्र बनेका न् । वि.सं. २०६८  मा इटालिएन निर्देशक स्टेफानोलेभीले ‘आउट अफ डार्कनेस’ नामक वृत्तचित्र रुइतको जीवनीको आधारमा बनाएका थिए । उनको सम्मानमा न्युयोर्क  टाइम्सले “पाँच मिनेट मै आँखा नदेख्नेलाई आँखा देखाउने डाक्टर” भनेरलेखेको थियो । उनलाई अस्ट्रेलियन सरकारले ‘अडर अफ अस्टे«लिया’ कदरले सम्मान गरेको छ भने उनले वि.सं. २०६३ मा विश्व प्रसिद्ध रोमन म्यागासेसे पुरस्कार पाएका छन् । अहिले उनको नेतृत्वमा तिलगङ्गा आँखा केन्द्रले बनाएका करोडौँ करोड आँखाका लेन्स विदेशमा निर्यात भइरहेका छन् । नेपाल सरकारले पनि उनको योगदानको उच्च मूल्याङ्कन गर्दै वि.संं २०६९ मा उज्ज्वल कीर्तिमय, राष्ट्रदीप’ पदकले विभूषित गरेको छ । 

प्रश्न ःनेपालमा बसेर केही पनि गर्न सकिँदैन भन्ने मानिसका लागि रुइत एक सशक्त उदाहरण बनेका छन् भन्ने कुरा माथिको अनुच्छेदका आधारमा विवेचना गर्नुहोस् ।

ख) नेपालमा हरेक जाति, समुदायका आफ्ना मौलिक सीप, प्रविधि र उत्पादन छन् । हामीसँग धातु, काठ, उन, बाँस, माटो, पात, कपास  आदिका सामान बनाउने आफ्नै प्रकारको सिप र प्रविधि थियो, अझै छ । हाम्रा आफ्नै मौलिकतामा राडी, पाखी, गलैँचा, कागज, कपडा, भाँडाकुँडा, मूर्ति आदिको उत्पादन हुने गरेको पाइन्छ । विश्वव्यापीकरणको बढ्दो प्रभावसँगै आयातित उत्पादनको बढ्दो प्रयोगले हाम्रो मौलिक उत्पादनहरु सङ्कटमा पर्दै गएका छन् । यसैले हामीले हाम्रा मौलिक उत्पादनलाई प्रवर्धन गर्नु आवश्यक छ । थाङ्का हामीले प्रवर्धन गर्नै पर्ने त्यस्तै मौलिक उत्पादन हो । 

प्रश्न ःथाङ्का नेपालको स्थानीय मौलिक सिप र प्रविधिको एक उत्तम नमुना हो, यसलाई विश्वव्यापीकरणको प्रभावबाट जोगाउदै आयआर्जनको माध्यम बनाउनु पर्छ भन्ने कुरा पुष्टि गर्नुहोस् ।

प्र.१८ तलका शीर्षक मध्ये कुनै एकमा २०० शब्द नघटाइ निबन्ध लेख्नुहोस् ः ८

क) सूचना प्रविधि

ख) वैदेशिक रोजगार

ग) मेरो सगरमाथा ः मेरो गौरव

Nepali 2