A PROJECT REPORT ON
STUDY BOILING POINT OF WATER
By:
Abc Efg
Grade:………Section:
Roll No:……..
Submitted to:
[Teacher’s Name]
Department of Science
…………………………. School
…………………………
2021
Introduction:
Kinetic theory states that all
molecules in matter are in constant motion (Kane and Sternheim, 1984). As these
molecules absorb more energy they have a higher amount of random movement. As
energy is absorbed in the form of heat the average kinetic energy (temperature)
of the molecules will increase except during a phase change. The absorbed
energy used in the phase change breaks the attractive forces between the
molecules, thus transformation occurs in the orientation of the molecules. An
example of a phase change would be the boiling point of water which is a change
from a liquid to a gas. This can be observed by using a temperature versus time
line graph when the slope becomes zero (plateau) The boiling point of water is
expected to be 100.00 oC (Merck, 1976).
Objective:
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the boiling
point of water.
Hypothesis:
If the pressure in the
classroom is close to 1 atmosphere, then the boiling point of water should be
approximately 100 degrees Celsius.
Materials List:
500 ml beaker distilled
water, thermometer, hot plate,
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Procedure:
The required materials were
selected and taken to the workstation. The beaker was filled with approximately
300 ml of distilled water. The beaker was gently placed on the hotplate.
The thermometer was placed in
the beaker and the initial temperature was recorded. The hotplate was switched
on to high.
The temperature was recorded every 2 minutes until 6 minutes
after boiling began.
The hotplate was turned off
and the materials were allowed to cool for at least 10 minutes before the
equipment was dismantled.
Figure 1. The equipment for this experiment was set up as shown in
this figure.
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Data / Results / Observations:
Quantitative Results
Table 1 Graph displaying data obtained from the heating of water from 0 to 16 minutes
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Figure 2. A line graph of temperature versus time of the data obtained in Table 1
Qualitative Results
Numerous small bubbles formed
at the bottom of the beaker at 70.6 oC. The size and rate of bubble
formation increased as the temperature increased. At 100.0 oC the
rate and size of bubble formation remained constant. At that temperature, there
was constant production of steam.
Calcuations / Analysis:
Conclusion:
It was determined from the data
plotted in the temperature versus time graph (Figure 2) that the boiling point
of water is 99.51 oC. This concurs very
closely with the stated hypothesis, therefore the experiment was deemed a
success. The percent error was found to be 0.49%. Possible sources of error
could have involved impurities in the water and human error in reading the
thermometer. Possible sources of error may be impurities in the water which may
be chemicals from dirty glassware. Improvements would include more accurate
thermometers, clean equipment and proper reading of the thermometer.
References:
Kane, Joseph W. and Morton
M. Sternheim. Physics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984 ed.
Merck, Josef. Merck Index of
Chemical Constants. New York: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc. 1976.
